MathLabs

Problem 2

Let BCBC be a diameter of circle ω\omega with center OO. Let AA be a point of ω\omega such that 0∘<∠AOB<120∘0^\circ<\angle AOB<120^\circ. Let DD be the midpoint of arc ABAB not containing CC. The line ℓ\ell passes through OO and is parallel to line ADAD. Line ℓ\ell intersects line ACAC at JJ. The perpendicular bisector of segment OAOA intersects circle ω\omega at EE and FF. Prove that JJ is the incenter of triangle CEFCEF.
Step 3 of 3: Show that JJ is the incenter
In plain words

A midpoint reflection gives one angle bisector, and the equilateral triangles give the other.

∠DEF=12∠EFC\angle DEF=\frac12\angle EFC
Detailed analysis

Since MM is the midpoint of both AOAO and DJDJ, and also of EFEF, the quadrilateral DFJEDFJE is a parallelogram. Thus ∠DEF=∠EFJ\angle DEF=\angle EFJ. The equal chords AE=AFAE=AF show that AA is the midpoint of the arc EFEF not containing CC, so ACAC is the internal angle bisector of ∠ECF\angle ECF; consequently the incenter of triangle CEFCEF lies on ACAC, just as JJ does. It remains to prove that FJFJ is the internal bisector at FF. Because D,E,FD,E,F lie on ω\omega, the inscribed-angle theorem and the equilateral triangle AFOAFO give ∠DEF=12∠DOF=12(∠DOA+60∘)\angle DEF=\frac12\angle DOF=\frac12(\angle DOA+60^\circ). From the previous step ∠DOA=∠OAC\angle DOA=\angle OAC, while ∠EAO=60∘\angle EAO=60^\circ, so ∠DEF=12(∠OAC+∠EAO)=12∠EAC\angle DEF=\frac12(\angle OAC+\angle EAO)=\frac12\angle EAC. The cyclic points E,A,F,CE,A,F,C give ∠EAC=∠EFC\angle EAC=\angle EFC. Therefore ∠EFJ=12∠EFC\angle EFJ=\frac12\angle EFC, so FJFJ bisects the angle at FF. The two internal angle bisectors meet at JJ, proving that JJ is the incenter.