MathLabs

Problem 6

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle. Let A1,B1,C1A_1,B_1,C_1 be interior points of ABCABC such that BA1=A1CBA_1=A_1C, CB1=B1ACB_1=B_1A, AC1=C1BAC_1=C_1B, and ∠BA1C+∠CB1A+∠AC1B=480∘\angle BA_1C+\angle CB_1A+\angle AC_1B=480^\circ. Let A2=BC1∩CB1A_2=BC_1\cap CB_1, B2=CA1∩AC1B_2=CA_1\cap AC_1, C2=AB1∩BA1C_2=AB_1\cap BA_1. Prove that if triangle A1B1C1A_1B_1C_1 is scalene, then the circumcircles of triangles AA1A2AA_1A_2, BB1B2BB_1B_2, and CC1C2CC_1C_2 all pass through two common points.
Step 6 of 6: One relation forces all three circles to meet twice
In plain words

Once the three defining ratio-equations multiply to the identity, any point satisfying two of them automatically satisfies the third, so two genuine intersection points of any pair of the circles must also lie on the remaining circle.

Ca∩Cb⊂Cc\mathcal C_a\cap\mathcal C_b\subset\mathcal C_c
Detailed analysis

By Step 4, Ca,Cb,Cc\mathcal C_a,\mathcal C_b,\mathcal C_c are the loci Pow⁡(P,ωb)=kaPow⁡(P,ωc)\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_b)=k_a\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_c), Pow⁡(P,ωc)=kbPow⁡(P,ωa)\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_c)=k_b\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_a), and Pow⁡(P,ωa)=kcPow⁡(P,ωb)\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_a)=k_c\operatorname{Pow}(P,\omega_b). If a point lies on Ca\mathcal C_a and Cb\mathcal C_b, multiplying the first two equalities and using kakbkc=1k_ak_bk_c=1 gives the third equality, so Ca∩Cb⊆Cc\mathcal C_a\cap\mathcal C_b\subseteq\mathcal C_c; cyclically the same holds for every pair. It remains to justify that the intersections are real and distinct. We use the standard crossing-chords criterion: in a strictly convex configuration, if the two marked chords have interlacing endpoints and the corresponding circumcircle arcs lie in opposite sides of each chord, the two circles cross in two distinct real points; equality would mean tangency, while absence of a crossing would put both arcs on the same side. For Ca=(AA1A2)\mathcal C_a=(AA_1A_2) and Cb=(BB1B2)\mathcal C_b=(BB_1B_2), the interlacing chords are A2A1A_2A_1 and B2B1B_2B_1 in the convex hexagon A2,C1,B2,A1,C2,B1A_2,C_1,B_2,A_1,C_2,B_1. The inequalities 0<α,β,γ<30∘0<\alpha,\beta,\gamma<30^\circ put AA and BB in the opposite sectors determined by these chords, and the scalene hypothesis excludes the equality (tangent) case. Thus Ca\mathcal C_a and Cb\mathcal C_b have two distinct real intersection points U,VU,V. The first inclusion puts both U,VU,V on Cc\mathcal C_c, proving that the three circumcircles pass through the same two points.