MathLabs

Problem 2

Let Ω\Omega and Γ\Gamma be circles with centres MM and NN, respectively, such that the radius of Ω\Omega is less than the radius of Γ\Gamma. Suppose circles Ω\Omega and Γ\Gamma intersect at two distinct points AA and BB. Line MNMN intersects Ω\Omega at CC and Γ\Gamma at DD, such that points CC, MM, NN and DD lie on the line in that order. Let PP be the circumcentre of triangle ACDACD. Line APAP intersects Ω\Omega again at E≠AE\ne A. Line APAP intersects Γ\Gamma again at F≠AF\ne A. Let HH be the orthocentre of triangle PMNPMN. Prove that the line through HH parallel to APAP is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle BEFBEF.
Step 7 of 7: H is the incenter of TMN, which finishes the tangency
H=incentre of △TMN ⟹ HT∥AP ⟹ the line through H parallel to AP is tangent to (BEF) at TH=\text{incentre of }\triangle TMN\ \Longrightarrow\ HT\parallel AP\ \Longrightarrow\ \text{the line through }H\text{ parallel to }AP\text{ is tangent to }(BEF)\text{ at }T
Detailed analysis

Because MH∥ADMH\parallel AD and NH∥ACNH\parallel AC, we have ∠HMN=∠A′DC=∠ADC=β\angle HMN=\angle A'DC=\angle ADC=\beta and, using E,T,ME,T,M collinear, ∠TMN=∠CME=2∠CAE=2β\angle TMN=\angle CME=2\angle CAE=2\beta. Thus MHMH bisects ∠NMT\angle NMT. Symmetrically ∠MNT=2α\angle MNT=2\alpha, and NHNH bisects ∠MNT\angle MNT. It remains to choose the internal, not external, bisectors. Take △ACD\triangle ACD counterclockwise. Since C,M,N,DC,M,N,D occur in this order and C,DC,D are the farther intersections with MNMN, the angle ∠NHM=∠CAD\angle NHM=\angle CAD is obtuse. Reflecting the line MNMN in the two bisectors MH,NHMH,NH gives lines meeting at TT on the same side of MNMN as HH; hence HH lies inside △TMN\triangle TMN, so these are its internal bisectors. Therefore HH is the incenter and ∠NTH=∠HTM=90∘−(α+β)\angle NTH=\angle HTM=90^\circ-(\alpha+\beta). In △ADF\triangle ADF, the centre NN gives ∠NFA=90∘−∠ADF=90∘−(α+β)\angle NFA=90^\circ-\angle ADF=90^\circ-(\alpha+\beta) (directed angles modulo 180∘180^\circ). Since FA=APFA=AP and this equals ∠NTH\angle NTH, we obtain HT∥APHT\parallel AP. Step 4 showed that the tangent to (BEF)(BEF) at TT is parallel to APAP; the line through HH parallel to APAP therefore passes through TT and is exactly that tangent.