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TheoremProved

Squeeze theorem

Statement

If bn≤an≤cn, lim⁡bn=lim⁡cn=L ⇒ lim⁡an=Lb_n\le a_n\le c_n,\ \lim b_n=\lim c_n=L\ \Rightarrow\ \lim a_n=L, then lim⁡n→∞an=L\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n = L as well.

Why is it true?

If a sequence is trapped between two other sequences that both converge to the same place, it has no room to go anywhere else.

Proof sketch

Suppose bn≤an≤cnb_n\le a_n\le c_n for all sufficiently large nn, and lim⁡bn=lim⁡cn=L\lim b_n=\lim c_n=L.

Fix ε>0\varepsilon>0. Since lim⁡bn=L\lim b_n=L, there is N1N_1 with L−ε<bn<L+εL-\varepsilon<b_n<L+\varepsilon for all n>N1n>N_1. Since lim⁡cn=L\lim c_n=L, there is N2N_2 with L−ε<cn<L+εL-\varepsilon<c_n<L+\varepsilon for all n>N2n>N_2.

Let N=max⁡(N1,N2)N=\max(N_1,N_2). For every n>Nn>N, combining bn≤an≤cnb_n\le a_n\le c_n with both inequalities above gives L−ε<bn≤an≤cn<L+εL-\varepsilon<b_n\le a_n\le c_n<L+\varepsilon, hence L−ε<an<L+εL-\varepsilon<a_n<L+\varepsilon, i.e. ∣an−L∣<ε|a_n-L|<\varepsilon.

Since ε>0\varepsilon>0 was arbitrary, lim⁡n→∞an=L\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n=L by the ε–N definition. ■\blacksquare

Topics that use this theorem

Step-by-step proofs

No step-by-step proof yet for this theorem.

References

  1. James Stewart (2015). Calculus: Early Transcendentals
  2. Judith V. Grabiner (1983). Who Gave You the Epsilon? Cauchy and the Origins of Rigorous Calculus