代入 mi=∑b∈Bibm^i=\sum_{b\in B_i}bmi=∑b∈Bib 并交换求和顺序,得 X=∑i=1mci∑b∈Bib=∑a∈A(∑i: a∈Bici)a=∑a∈Afa(X) aX=\sum_{i=1}^m c_i\sum_{b\in B_i}b=\sum_{a\in A}\Big(\sum_{i:\,a\in B_i}c_i\Big)a=\sum_{a\in A}f_a(X)\,aX=∑i=1mci∑b∈Bib=∑a∈A(∑i:a∈Bici)a=∑a∈Afa(X)a,其中 fa(X):=∑i: a∈Bicif_a(X):=\sum_{i:\,a\in B_i}c_ifa(X):=∑i:a∈Bici。